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Lighting Systems 16 min read

Lighting Systems Assessment Guide

Comprehensive methodology for evaluating interior and exterior lighting systems, controls, energy efficiency, and code compliance for commercial facilities.

Lighting Assessment Overview

Lighting typically represents 15-25% of a commercial building's energy consumption and directly impacts safety, security, productivity, and occupant comfort. A comprehensive assessment identifies deficiencies, code compliance issues, and upgrade opportunities with strong ROI.

Energy Use

15-25%

of total building energy

LED Savings

40-70%

typical energy reduction

Productivity

3-5%

improvement with quality lighting

Exterior Lighting Systems

Parking Lot Lighting

Poles: 25-30 years; Fixtures: 15-20 years

Purpose: Safety, security, wayfinding

Standards: IES RP-20: 1-5 fc maintained

Inadequate coverageFailed lampsPole damageTimer malfunctions

Building-Mounted Lighting

15-20 years

Purpose: Security, accent, safety

Standards: Varies by application

Water intrusionMounting failureAiming issuesGlare

Pathway & Landscape

10-20 years

Purpose: Pedestrian safety, aesthetics

Standards: IES: 0.5-2 fc for walkways

Bollard damageBuried cable damageFixture tiltVegetation overgrowth

Loading Dock & Service

15-20 years

Purpose: Work task, safety, security

Standards: IES: 10-20 fc for loading areas

Impact damageVibration failureInadequate levelsVandalism

Emergency & Exit

Batteries: 5-7 years; Fixtures: 15-20 years

Purpose: Life safety, code compliance

Standards: IBC/NFPA: 1 fc min along egress

Battery failureLamp failureVisibility obstructionTesting compliance

Interior Lighting

General/Ambient

Applications: Offices, Corridors, Common areas

Standards: 30-50 fc typical office

UniformityGlare controlColor temperatureDaylight integration

Task Lighting

Applications: Workstations, Manufacturing, Inspection areas

Standards: 50-100+ fc depending on task

AdjustabilityShadow controlColor renderingHeat output

Warehouse/Industrial

Applications: Storage, Distribution, Manufacturing

Standards: 20-50 fc general; 50-100 fc for detailed work

High bay mountingLumen maintenanceSwitching/dimmingAisle coverage

Retail/Display

Applications: Sales floors, Merchandise display, Storefronts

Standards: 50-100+ fc; high CRI required

Color renderingAccent lightingMerchandising flexibilityHeat loads

Lighting Technologies

LED

100-200 lm/W50,000-100,000 hours
Pros:

Energy efficient, Long life, Dimmable, Instant on, Low heat

Cons:

Higher upfront cost, Driver failures, Color shift over time

Current standard for new installations

Fluorescent (T8/T5)

70-100 lm/W20,000-30,000 hours
Pros:

Proven technology, Good efficiency, Low cost

Cons:

Mercury content, Ballast replacement, Dimming limitations, Cold start issues

Being phased out; retrofit to LED recommended

HID (Metal Halide/HPS)

50-100 lm/W10,000-24,000 hours
Pros:

High output, Good for high bays, Lower upfront cost

Cons:

Long restrike, Poor color (HPS), Energy inefficient, Maintenance intensive

Legacy technology; replace with LED

Induction

60-90 lm/W60,000-100,000 hours
Pros:

Long life, Instant restrike, Good in cold

Cons:

Limited availability, Specialized ballasts, Being replaced by LED

Niche applications only

Controls & Automation

Occupancy/Vacancy Sensors

20-60% savings

Applications: Offices, restrooms, warehouses, stairwells

PIR (passive infrared)UltrasonicDual-technologyNetworked

Daylight Harvesting

15-40% savings

Applications: Perimeter offices, skylighted areas, atriums

Open-loop sensorsClosed-loop sensorsIntegrated with BAS

Time-Based Scheduling

10-30% savings

Applications: All areas with predictable occupancy

Astronomical clocksBAS integrationStand-alone timers

Networked/Smart Lighting

40-70% savings

Applications: Offices, warehouses, campuses

PoE (Power over Ethernet)Wireless meshDALIBACnet integration

Demand Response

Utility incentives + peak reduction savings

Applications: Large facilities, utility programs

Automated load sheddingManual curtailmentUtility signals

Code Compliance

Code/StandardRequirementApplication
IECC/ASHRAE 90.1Lighting power density limitsNew construction, major renovations
IBC/IFCEmergency lighting & exit signsAll occupied buildings
NFPA 101Means of egress illuminationLife safety compliance
ADAAccessible lighting controlsPublic accommodations
OSHAWorkplace illumination levelsEmployee safety
Dark Sky/LocalLight pollution limitsExterior lighting

Energy Assessment

LED Retrofit ROI

  • • Typical payback: 1-4 years
  • • Energy savings: 40-70%
  • • Maintenance savings: 50-75%
  • • Utility rebates often available

Assessment Metrics

  • • Lighting Power Density (W/SF)
  • • Operating hours analysis
  • • Lamp/fixture inventory
  • • Controls effectiveness

Assessment Checklist

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